压缩载荷作用下皮肤的生物力学特性

Biomechanical Property of the Skin under Compressive Load

对皮肤组织在压缩载荷作用下的力学性能进行研究,可为各类事故中对人体伤害的评估以及防护装置的设计提供一定的参考数据,也可为皮肤替代品的研发提供重要的理论依据.选用猪背部皮肤为实验材料,分别进行低应变率压缩实验研究和霍普金森压杆实验研究,得到皮肤组织低应变率压缩应力应变关系、压缩—松弛曲线以及高应变率下的应力—应变曲线.结果表明:皮肤组织有很明显的粘弹性特征,尤其在很宽的应变率范围内,应变率效应特别明显;并通过超弹性模型与Maxwell粘弹性模型相结合的方式建立了皮肤的生物力学模型.

Research on the mechanical properties of skin tissue under compression loads can provide some reference data for accidents evaluation of body injury, and thus provide useful points in designing corresponding protection devices. In addition, it can also offer the theoretical basis for the R＆D of skin replacement. In this paper, pig back skin is selected to separately conduct the low strain rate compression experiment and Split Hopkinson bar experiment. The stress-strain relationship resulting from the skin tissue with low strain rate compression is obtained, and also attained is the relationship between the compression relaxation stress-strain curve and stress-strain curve in high strain rates. The viscoelastic characteristics of skin tissues are identified from observation, especially the strain rate effect, Using the hyperelastic model combining with Maxwell viscoelastic model, the biomechanical model of the skin is established.