中国古典园林经营管理理念和模式探析——以《红楼梦》大观园经营管理为例

Management Concept and Mode of Classical Chinese Gardens:Taking the Daguanyuan Garden in the Novel A Dream of Red Mansions as an Example

曹雪芹在《红楼梦》一书中,构筑了大观园这座理想化的中国古典园林景观样板,同时交代了大观园的经营管理理念和模式。在赖家花园的启示下,贾探春对大观园的园林经营管理实行大胆改革,摸索出承包责任制这一科学管理方法,调动大家的积极性,充分利用园林生物、土地、水等资源的生产能力,开发园林产品的经济价值,不仅节省了园林在修葺、养护、改善等方面的开支,减轻了家庭经济负担,达到了到以园养园目的,而且使园林成为家庭创收的一个来源,家庭经济的一个重要部门。大观园经营管理理念和模式,揭示了中国古典园林经营管理的一些共同特点,对当前我国的园林管理也具有一定的启发意义。

Cao Xueqin created the Daguanyuan Garden, such an idealized classical Chinese garden, in his novel, A Dream of Red Mansions, and at the meantime described the management concept and mode of the garden. In the novel, Jia Tanchun, enlightened by the garden of the Lai family, carried out bold reforms on the management of the Daguanyuan Garden, and found out a scientific way of management, which is similar to the contract responsibility system. By arousing everyone＇ s enthusiasm, making full use of production capacity of such garden resources as biology, soil, water and so on, and developing economic value of garden products, Jia saved expenditures on repairing, managing and beautifying the garden, and alleviated economic burden of the Jia family. The measures Jia took not only fulfilled the goal of using garden incomes to cover its daily expenses, but also turned the garden into a resource of family incomes and an important economic sector of the family. The practice of Jia in the Daguanyuan Garden reveals some common features of the management and mode of classical Chinese gardens, and is still illuminating for modern garden management.