论梆子腔在秦地之外的传播

The Spreading of Bangzi Tune Outside of Shanxi

陕西梆子腔从康熙年间到上个世纪50年代初,传播到二十多个省区。它流布到秦地之外的表现为三种:一是艺术形态基本不变,仍以单声腔剧种形态呈现在舞台上;二是与诸声腔融合而形成新的声腔,以基因的形式存于其中;三是与其他声腔相结合,形成多声腔的剧种,然而仍具有一定的独立性。它传播至外埠的途径为:一是由优秀的梆子腔戏班在冲州撞府时播撒种子;二是随家乡商贾而流传外地;三是随着陕西人口向青、宁、新、藏等地迁移而传播。它得以广泛、持续传播的原因为:一是它的音乐为板腔体,易学易传。加之它繁音激楚,听来热耳酸心,能拨动观众的心弦;二是它的剧目大都表现底层社会的生活,与草根阶层有着紧密的联系,所以能受到广大百姓的赞赏;三是因表演技艺高超、不同凡响而独树一帜。

The Shaanxi Bangzi Tune has been spread to over 20 provinces and areas from theQing Kangxi dynasty to early fifties of last century. There were three types of its performance afterspreading. First of all, the form of Bangzi Tune remained substantially unchanged. It was still a kind of single-tune drama. Secondly, the Bangzi Tune was combined with other tunes and then made a new tune. The presence of the Bangzi tune was like a gene. Thirdly, the Bangzi Tune was combined with other tunes and them became a kind of multi-tune drama. The Bangzi Tune still had certain independence. There were three ways of sperading. The first one was the outstanding Bangzi Tune troups bring the tune to other places. Another way was the Shaanxi people bring the tune to other places while they were doing business. Also, the turn was spread with the migration to Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Tibet. Why could it be so popular and continued widespread？ Because the tune was sad and full of charm, and easily to be learned. Secondly, the repertoires of the Bangzi Tune were from people’s lives. It had a strong connection with the underlying. Finally, the performing skill of the tune was superb, unique and extraordinary.