炭基-陶瓷多孔复合材料的低温制备及性能研究

Low-temperature Preparation and Properties of Bamboo Charcoal Based-Ceramics Composites

本文以竹炭和高岭土为主要原料,在常规条件下采用掺入抗氧化剂和填埋相结合的烧结手段在低温下制备炭基-陶瓷多孔复合材料。在保证炭基多孔的前提下,通过活化竹炭、调整高岭土含量和烧成温度,使高岭土在较低的烧成温度下析出莫来石晶相,以此增强炭基的抗折强度。通过XRD、SEM和力学性能测试对复合材料的显微结构和力学性能进行了表征与分析。实验结果表明：竹炭的最佳活化时间为18 h,其活性最佳;当高岭土掺入量0.3wt%,烧成温度在950-1100℃时,该多孔材料的体积密度0.52 g/cm3,抗压强度2.8 MPa和显气孔率55.3%。所制备的多孔材料既具有竹炭的吸附净化功能,同时又有较高强度,作为一种新型复合材料,可大大降低环境质量成本。在水体净化,空气净化和催化剂载体等方面将有潜在的应用。

In this paper, carbon based-ceramics porous composites were prepared as bamboo charcoal and kaolin by means of combining with antioxidants and landfill at low Firing temperature. On the premise of porous characteristics of bamboo charcoal, mullite phase was formed from the kaolin to enhance the flexural strength by activating charcoal, adjusting the content of kaolin and firing temperature in the low temperature. The microstructure and mechanical properteis of the composites were characterized and analysized by XRD, SEM and mechanical test. The results showed that the activities of bamboo charcoal were optimum at 28 h. When kaolin content was 0.3wt%, the bending strength, apparent porosity and bulk density of the charcoal-based composites reached 2.8 MPa, 0.52 g/cm3 and 55.3% at 950-1100 ℃, respectively. The as-prepared porous material has not only the function of adsorbing purification of bamboo charcoal, but also high strength. As a new type of composite materials, it can greatly reduce the environmental quality cost. And it will be future application in water purification, air purification and catalyst carrier and so on.