社会治理的体制框架与创新路径

System Framework and Innovation Route of Social Governance

在国家治理现代化背景中提出的社会治理,具有不同于社会管理的概念内涵。英美两国20世纪后期的变革表明,社会治理是对市场本位和国家本位的超越,其主要特征是政府在承担基本责任的前提下从社会领域"撤退",在社会事务的处理上灵活应用政府、市场和自组织等治理机制。经过三十多年的改革,我国建立了社会政策的基本体系,基层自治不断推进,社会组织获得了较大发展,市场机制被广泛应用于社会领域,社会治理已经具备了良好的推进基础,但也面临着社会政策不完备,基层自治组织、社会组织的功能受到制约,市场机制难以平衡公平与效率的关系等挑战。巩固社会治理的成果、应对当前的挑战,迫切需要从增强政府的"元治理"责任,促进基层自治,发展社会组织,合理利用市场机制等方面推进社会治理体制创新。

The concept of social governance put forward under the background of the state governance modernization has its own connotation which is different from that of social management. The reformation of the United Kingdom and the United States in the late of 20 th century indicates that the social governance is an outcome of efforts to transcend the market-oriented and state-oriented idea and practice,which considers that the government should retreat from the society but not give up its basic social responsibilities,and encourage and support applying different governance mechanisms including government,market and self- organization flexibly. After over thirty years' reform,China has a basic system of social policy,the grass-roots autonomy has been deepened,the social organizations grow,which lay a good base for promoting the social governance.However,the social governance still faces some challenges including the social policy isn't perfect,the grass-roots autonomous and social organizations can't make functions effectively,and the market mechanism is hard to coordinate the contradiction between fairness and efficiency. Therefore,in order to consolidate the achievement of social governance and to respond to the challenges,the social governance needs push ahead the system innovation from the aspects of strengthening governments' responsibilities of 'meta-governance',improving the grass-roots autonomy,developing social organizations and applying market tools reasonably.