共犯限制从属性说之提倡——以共犯处罚根据和共犯本质为切入点

The Advocation for Restrictive Derivativeness on Constituent Elements of Accessories

共犯的要素从属性是指要成立共犯,正犯行为必须具备犯罪成立要件中的哪些要素。对此问题的回答形成了最极端从属性说、极端从属性说、限制从属性说和最小从属性说等。限制从属性说应予提倡,它与在共犯处罚根据上坚持因果共犯论中的混合惹起说、在共犯本质上坚持构成要件的行为共同说,理论立场是一以贯之的,归结于将共同犯罪理解为违法形态。我国刑法理论通说和司法实务实际上采取了极端从属性说,会陷入无法自圆其说的困境。共犯限制从属性说可以融入我国刑法学。

The derivativeness of constituent elements of accessories focuses on the problem that in order to establish the criminal liability for an accessory liability what constituent elements should be required. Four propositions are developed to describe the extent of derivativeness, namely the theory of the most extreme or exaggerated derivativeness, the theory of extreme derivativeness, the theory of restrictive derivativeness and the theory of minimum derivativeness. Among them the theory of restrictive derivativeness on constituent elements should be advocated, which is consistent with the theory of compound causation as the basis of punishment for accessories and the theory of behavioral commonness on the essence of joint perpetrator, because they are rooted in the understanding that joint crime is a form of unlawfulness. The theory of extreme derivativeness is adopted both theoretically and practically in China and this renders us into a dilemma of self - contradictory. The theory of restrictive derivativeness could be blended into Chinese criminal law.