兰属植物杂交亲和性及杂交胚培养研究

The cross incompatibilities in Cymbidium and the cultivation of hybrid embryo in vitro

为了培育兰花新品种,增加兰花观赏植物资源,以5个杂交兰品种、4个大花蕙兰品种和4个中国兰品种为材料,开展了兰属植物间杂交亲和性及杂交幼胚离体萌发的研究。结果表明:不同杂交类型亲和性不同,杂交兰与春兰亲和性(结果率44.4%)较高,其次是杂交兰与大花蕙兰(结果率36.5%),最低是杂交兰与建兰(结果率33.3%)。不同组合杂交亲和性不同,‘台北小姐’ב黄金岁月’、‘红美人’ב大富贵’和‘金边凤凰’ב新品梅’3个组合的亲和性较高,结果率均为50%,‘紫元素’ב翡翠’的亲和性较差,结果率仅为25%,其余组合介于二者之间。适宜的杂交幼胚离体萌发培养基为N6+IBA 0.3 mg/L+6-BA 0.03 mg/L+AC1g/L+蛋白胨2 g/L,杂交胚的平均萌发率为57.1%。

To breed the new orchid varieties, 5 varieties of Cymbidium hybrids ,4 varieties of C. hybridum and 4 varieties of Chinese orchid were selected to study on the cross incompatibilities and the culture technique of the hybrid young embryo in vitro. The results showed that different combinations presented different hybridization affinity, the affinity of the Cymbidium hybrids and C. goeringii were high （ fruit rate 44.4% ）, followed by Cymbidium hybrids and C. hybridum （ fruit rate 36.5% ）, the minimum was Cymbidium hybrids and C. ensifolium （fruit rate 33.3% ） . The cross incompatibility was di- fferent among different varieties, the affinity of ＇ Taipei Miss＇ × ＇ Crescent＇ , ＇ Red Beauty＇ × ＇ Dafufui＇ and ＇ Gold Phoe- nix＇ x ＇ Xinpinmei＇ combinations were high, the rate was 50%, while the affinity of ＇ Violet Elements＇ × ＇ Feicui＇ was poorer, the rate only 25%. The suitable initially generation culture medium of C. hybridizes young embryo was N6 ＋ IBA 0.3 mg/L ＋6 - BA 0.03 mg/L ＋ AC 1 g/L ＋ peptone 2 g/L,on which the average survival rates of young embryos were 57.1%.