锯末基质堆腐及其对油茶苗生长的影响

A composting technique of sawdust and its effect on the growth of Camellia oleifera seedlings

研究了添加不同菌剂对锯末发酵腐熟效果的影响,并进行了油茶育苗试验。分析锯末基质理化性质的变化,结果表明,锯末堆沤发酵37 d可完全腐熟。添加尿素、鸡粪、发酵菌对基质温度、p H、电导率、E4/E6(465和665nm吸光度的比值)影响较显著,能有效促进锯末腐熟。腐熟后碳氮比降低,发酵菌1对碳氮比降低最明显,使其降至20以下。添加发酵菌1比发酵菌2腐熟效果更好,但差异不显著。在油茶育苗试验中,处理A2(锯末80 kg+尿素1.5 kg+鸡粪2 kg+米糠1 kg+发酵菌1 0.6 g)油茶苗生长情况明显优于其他处理组。因此,以尿素和鸡粪为氮源,发酵菌1为微生物菌剂用来进行锯末发酵腐熟效果最优,符合基质育苗要求。

A study on the influence of adding different microbial agents to the sawdust composting was conducted, and the effect of sawdust composting on Camellia oleifera seedlings was tested. The results showed that the sawdust could be tho- roughly decomposed after 37 days of fermentation. Carbamide, manure and microbial agent influenced the temperature, pH, EC and E4/E6（ the ratio of absorbency at 465 nm with 665 nm） obviously and promoted sawdust compost effectively.The carbon nitrogen ratio reduced after thorough decomposition, especially fermentation bacteria 1 exerted the most obvious effect on C/N, it decreased the carbon nitrogen ratio to below 20. The composting effect of fer-mentation bacteria 1 was better than that of the fermentation bacteria 2, but their difference was small, and the growth of C. oleifera seedlings of A2 group（ including sawdust 80 kg ＋ corbamide 1.5 kg ＋ fowl manure 2 kg ＋ rice bran 1 kg ＋ fermenta- tion bacteria type 1 0.6 g） was better than others. So it could be concluded that carbamide and manure were good nitrogen source and fermentation bacteria 1 was good microbe in sawdust composting, and it met the requirements of seedling rai- sing.