鲁中南退化砂石山地人工幼林草本群落特征与物种多样性

Herbaceous Community Characteristics and Species Diversity of Young Artificial Forest of Degraded Granite Hilly Areas in Central-south of Shandong Province

为评价不同造林模式对鲁中南退化砂石山地林下草本植被的恢复效果,以该区域4种造林模式人工幼林为研究对象,运用样方调查与室内分析相结合的方法,研究了不同造林模式2011年、2013年林下草本群落数量特征及其多样性变化。结果表明:1)造林有助于林下草本植物的恢复、生长与发育,不同造林模式人工幼林林下草本种数、群落平均盖度、平均高度和平均密度均高于对照,且各指标均呈现混交造林模式高于纯林造林模式;除各模式草本种数变化不一致外,其余指标均呈现2013年高于2011年的趋势。2)造林可以改变林下草本植物的重要值和优势地位。不同造林模式的草本植物的主要优势种基本相同,造林2年和4年时,物种的动态变化明显,群落物种重要值与优势地位发生更替,造林4年后,群落主要优势种优势地位更加明显。3)不同造林模式的多样性指数高于对照,且呈现阔阔混交>针阔混交>纯林模式的趋势,多样性指数随造林时间的延长而呈下降趋势。

Different afforestation modes could produce significant influences on the survival rate,afforestation quality and even the development of plantation,especially in the area where the site conditions are poor.Such as in the central-south of Shandong province,as one of the ecological fragile regions of Shandong,the vegeta-tions scarcity,soil and water loss,land degradation and biodiversity decline are severe ecological problems and afforestation is difficult.In order to assess the restoration effect of different afforestation modes on herbaceous vegetation in degraded granite mountain in central-south of Shandong province,we took 4 young forests which were afforested in different modes as the study objects in this area,combined the sampling investigation and la-boratory analysis as our research method and studied the undergrowth herbaceous plant community quantity characteristics and changes of diversity in 2011 and 2013.Results showed that：（1）Afforestation was helpful to the restoration,growth and development of undergrowth herb plants,the undergrowth herb kinds,community av-erage coverage,height and density of young plantations afforested in different modes were all higher than the control.Moreover,all the indexes of mixed forests were higher than that of pure forests.Apart from the herb could change the important value and dominant position of undergrowth herb plants.The main dominant spe-cies of undergrowth herb plants in different afforestation modes were almost the same,in the second year and fourth year after afforestation.The dynamic changes of species were obvious,the important value and dominant position of community species alternated,and 4 years after afforestation,the advantage position of community main dominant species was much more obvious.（3）The diversity indexes of different afforestation modes were higher than the control and among different modes broad broad-leaved mixed forest had the highest diversity indexes while that of the pure forest mode was lowest and needle broad-leaved mixed forest in the middle.As the time after afforestation was longer,all the diversity indexes showed a decline trend.The results of this research would reveal the impact of artificial afforestation on undergrowth herbaceous plant community quantity characteris-tics and provide a theoretical basis to the midterm evaluation and later appraise of afforestation projects.