勇气、自由与人的本性——康德的启蒙精神新解

Courage,Freedom and Human Nature——A New Approach to Kant's Spirit of Enlightenment

启蒙是一个始终绕不过去的问题,它在不同时代、不同地域会呈现出不同的面貌。因此,要真正地理解启蒙,就得把握住启蒙的精神,而最好的方式就是回到康德的文本。以往研究者谈论康德的启蒙精神,多强调自主和理性,但从康德的文本出发,可以发现其中透露出来的启蒙精神体现为三个不同的维度,即勇气、自由和人的本性。

Enlightenment is a question that every era must deal with, and presents itself in various forms according to time and place. Therefore, in order to fully understanding enlightenment, we must grasp its spirit, and to do this, the best way is to go back to Kant＇s works. As for the spirit of en lightenment, most previous scholars emphasized self-independency and reason, but a careful reading of Kant will show that the spirit of enlightenment has three dimensions： courage, freedom and human nature.