海南陵水县农村婴儿喂养情况调查

Investigation of infant feeding in rural Lingshui,Hainan province

目的：了解农村婴儿母乳喂养和辅食添加情况，为指导婴儿科学喂养提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法，在陵水县随机抽取4个乡镇，每个乡镇抽取2个行政村，每个行政村抽取5～7个自然村，共抽取48个自然村，对每个自然村的4～24个月龄的婴幼儿主要喂养人进行问卷调查，了解婴儿母乳喂养和辅食添加情况。结果陵水县婴儿4个月内母乳喂养率97.1%，纯母乳喂养率57.7%，混合喂养率39.4%，人工喂养率2.9%；34.5%的婴儿在4个月以前开始添加，主要是淀粉类食物，6个月前引入蔬菜水果类和蛋白类食物者分别占33.5%和19.2%，41.8%的婴儿晚于8个月引入蔬菜类辅食，56.8%晚于8个月引入蛋白类辅食，1岁以后才开始添加蔬菜水果类和蛋白类辅食的婴儿分别占15.5%和15.7%。结论海南省陵水县农村地区婴幼儿4个月纯母乳喂养率较低，婴儿各类辅食添加过早和不及时并存，需加强婴幼儿科学喂养的宣传教育和指导。

ObjectiveTo investigate infant breast feeding rate and the way of complementary food introduction in rural Lingshui County,Hainan Province.MethodsRandomized multistage cluster sampling method was used in this study. Four towns were selected in Lingshui County,and 2 administrative villages were selected from each town,5-7 natural villages in each administrative village were selected. Totally 48 villages were selected,careers of 452 infants aged between 4 to 24 months were investigated using self-designed questionnaire.ResultsBreast feeding rate,exclusive breastfeeding rate,mixed feeding rate and artificial feeding rate of infants up to 4 months age were 97.1%,57.7%,39.4% and 2.9% respectively.34.5% infants were fed cereal foods before 4 months age. The introduction of vegetables and foods rich in proteins were much later.41.8% infants were introduced vegetables later than 8 months age and 15.5% later than 1 year old of age,while the figures were 56.8% and 15.7% for protein rich foods.ConclusionsThe exclusive breastfeeding rate was low in rural Lingshui. The timing and food selection when introducing complementary food were inappropriate. Nutrition education and feeding guidance are necessary in order to improve infant feeding practices.