江西省赣县崩岗发育的地貌特征分析

Analysis on the Geo-morphological Features of Collapsing Hill Development in Gan County of Jiangxi Province

崩岗是我国南方红壤区由水力和重力相互作用下土体受破坏而崩塌和冲刷的侵蚀现象。本文以江西省赣县崩岗为研究对象，采取GIS空间分析技术，开展了地貌因子对崩岗发育的影响研究，结果表明：崩岗主要分布在海拔在100-250 m以及相对高程在100-200 m之间的的低山丘陵区，分别占到崩岗总数量和总面积的77％以上和54％以上，以综合型和活动型崩岗为主；5-25°范围内的斜坡和陡坡是崩岗的高发区域，其数量和面积分别占到了总体的73.23％和72.51％，以综合型崩岗居多；东坡向崩岗数量最多，西坡向崩岗面积最大，并且大部分分布在半阳坡上；除条形崩岗凸形坡数量比凹形坡少之外，均以综合型和活动型崩岗数量最多和面积最大，其他崩岗类型数量和面积相当。崩岗受地貌因子影响显著，具有明显的地貌因子选择性。该研究成果为赣县崩岗水土保持生态修复与治理提供一定的数据支撑和依据。

The collapsing hill is the erosion phenomenon in the red soil region of southern China that the soil is collapsed and scoured by hydraulic and gravitational interaction damage.Gan County was chosen for the study of the impact of the geo-morphological factors on the development of collapsing hill by means of GIS spatial statistical analytic technology.The results showed that, the collapsing hills are mainly distributed in the low mountain and hilly areas at the altitude between 100-250m and the relative height between 100-200m respectively, accounting for more than 77%of the total number and 54%of the total area, that mainly belong to the comprehensive and active types.The slope and steep slope between 5°and 25°are the high incidence area of collapsing hills, with the number and the area accounting for 73.23%and 72.51%of the total numbers and areas respectively.Of which, the comprehensive collapsing hills are the main type collapse.The collapsing hills are mostly on the slopes with east aspect, but the slopes with west aspect cover the largest area of collapsing hills, mostly distributed in semi sunny slopes.Except the numbers of strip collapsing hills on the convex slope are less than those on the concave slope, the active and comprehensive collapsing hills rank the top in numbers and areas, while the other types of collapsing hills are similar in numbers and areas with each other.