基于不同时段人群特征的地铁疏散仿真研究

Study on metro evacuation simulation based on crowd characteristics during different time period

针对地铁不同运行时段人群特征对疏散的影响,对每小时进入地铁站人数进行观测,将地铁运行时段分为高峰时段、平峰时段与低峰时段,并对各时段某一时刻列车到站数量进行记录。对不同运行时段的年龄、携带行李情况、速度等人群特征进行观测记录,根据各时段人群特征对地铁站进行Pathfinder疏散仿真建模。从疏散用时、拥堵点、人员疏散路径、出口利用率等方面对各运行时段人员疏散仿真结果进行分析,得到高峰时段两列列车同时到站时,疏散拥堵现象明显,且两列列车到站与1列车到站两种情况下的人员疏散存在一定差异;平峰与低峰时段两列列车同时到站疏散拥堵点明显,出口利用率情况较为一致。最后,对提高地铁疏散效率提出几点建议措施:注重时段差异性的地铁疏散管理;增强拥堵点的疏散引导;缩短列车行车间隔。

In order to understand the influence of crowd characteristics on evacuation during different running time periods, the number of passengers entering the metro per hour was counted.The running time periods of metro were divided into three time periods, including peak time period, flat peak period and low peak period.Besides, the number of trains pulling in station during each time period was recorded.The crowd characteristics which contain age, luggage carrying condition and velocity of passengers during different running time periods were recorded.On this basis, the evacuation simulation modeling of metro station was done by utilizing the Pathfinder software.The simulation results of personnel evacuation during different running time periods were analyzed from the aspects of e-vacuation time, congestion points, evacuation route and utilization rate of exits.It showed that when two trains pulled in station during peak time period, the phenomenon of evacuation congestion was obvious, and the personnel evacuation had some differences between two trains and single train pulling in station.When two trains pulled in station during flat peak period and low peak period, the evacuation congestion points were obvious, and the utiliza-tion rates of exits were basically consistent.At last, some suggestions to improve efficiency of metro evacuation were put forward, such as emphasizing the metro evacuation management during different running time periods, enhan-cing the evacuation guidance in congestion points, and shortening the running interval of trains.