我国10城市冬季大气颗粒物中多环芳烃污染及呼吸暴露风险评价

Pollution and Inhalation Exposure Risk of PM_(10) -Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons during the Winter Time in Ten Cities,China

大气中颗粒物和多环芳烃对环境与人体健康危害较大,已引起社会各界的广泛关注。以我国10个城市2013年12月和2014年1月大气中空气动力学直径小于10μm的颗粒物(PM10)为研究对象,采用硅胶-氧化铝层析柱净化分离、气质联用仪分析的方法测定了27种多环芳烃(PAHs)的浓度水平,分析其谱分布及空间分布,并通过呼吸暴露途径估算了癌症病发增量(ILCRs)和人群归因危险度百分比(PAF)。结果表明,27种物质的总浓度为13.72~2 002 ng·m-3;在10个城市中晋中总浓度最高,厦门最低。PAHs空间污染水平呈现北方高于南方、东部沿海城市浓度相对较低的趋势。温度与总浓度有相关性。在27种PAHs中,占主导地位的单体为荧蒽(FLA,7.56%~19.8%),芘(PYR,6.72%~13.8%),艹屈(CHR,12.8%~19.6%)和苯并(k)荧蒽(Bk F,8.59%~15.5%),4者占到多环芳烃总浓度的42.1%~64.3%。根据研究区域苯并[a]芘(Ba P)人口加权浓度估算ILCRs范围为8.94×10-6~4.77×10-4,据此计算的PAFs为0.487%~13.2%,均值为3.44%,高于全国平均水平1.6%。上述研究结果为大气颗粒物中PAHs的研究提供重要的数据基础。

Ambient particulate matter （PM） and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） pollutions attract wide public attentions due to the adverse impacts on environment and human health. In this study, PM^o- bound PAHs samples were collected and analyzed from ten cities in China during a winter time （December, 2013 and January, 2014）. 27 parent PAHs including 15 US EPA priority pollutants and 12 non-priority PAHs were analyzed through a laboratory pretreatment by silica gel-alumina column and GC-MS detection. PAH pollution level, composition pro- files and spatial distribution were analyzed, and the ILCRs and PAF were calculated to assess potential health risks to humans caused by PAHs inhalation exposure. The results showed that the sum concentration of ~ PAn27 ranged from 13.7 ng-m-3^ to 2 002 ng-m-3^. The pollution levels in the northern cities were generally higher than those in the southern cities, and those in the eastern coastal cities were relatively low. Ambient level of PM^o-bound PAHs was negatively correlated with temperature. The dominated PAHs found in PM^0 were bluoranthene （7.56% ~ 19.8%）, pyrene （6.72% -13.8%）, chrysene. （12.8% -19.6%） and benzo（k） fluoranthene （8.59% ~ 15.5%）, the to- tal of which contributed to about 42.1% ~64.3% of ∑PAH27. Due to PAHs inhalation exposure, estimated ILCRs were from 8.94~10.6 to 4.77~104, and the associated PAFs ranged from 0.487% to 13.2% with the mean of 3.44%, which was higher than the previously reported national average of 1.6%. The study provided valuable bas- ic information for the study on ambient PAHs pollution and associated health outcomes.