农户发展绿色农业经济效益分析——以朱鹮保护区绿色水稻为例

Economic Benefit Analysis of Developing Green Agriculture——Taking the Green Rice Surrounding the Crested Ibis National Nature Reserve as an Example

本文在典型区域抽样调查的基础上,综合运用成本收益法和分解求和法对朱鹮国家级自然保护区周边社区调查获取的209份有效样本数据进行分析,测算出绿色水稻与常规水稻在成本结构、成本收益以及经济效率等方面的差异。结果表明,绿色水稻较高的市场价格可弥补因限量使用农药化肥所造成的产量损失,绿色水稻的经济收益明显高于常规水稻;人工费用在水稻种植成本中占比最大,其次是化肥支出和机械作业支出;在同时考虑人工成本和物质成本时,不同的机械作业方式对种植成本的影响不明显;产业链越长,绿色水稻增值效果越明显,农户水稻种植收入增长空间越大;组织化程度越高,农户议价能力越强。因此,自然保护区周边社区应积极推广绿色水稻种植,在保护环境的同时实现农民增收,实现环境和经济的和谐发展。

Based on the random questionnaire survey of typical area, we analyzed 209 valid samples around the Crested Ibis National Nature Reserve and measured the difference of cost, benefits and economic efficiency between green rice and conventional rice by employing cost-benefits analysis and decomposition summation. Results indicated that green rice＇s higher price could compensate for the loss of yield caused by the limited use of pesticide and fertilizer; labor expenditure in rice planting was the largest part, followed by fertilizer and mechanical operation expenditure; with consideration of material and labor expenditure, there was no obvious difference in the cost by two ways of mechanical operation; the longer of industry chain, the more obvious the effect of value-added and the more money peasants could get; a high degree of organization could improve bargaining ability of peasants. Therefore the government should actively adjust the rice industry and promote planting green rice to achieve the harmonious development of environment and economy.