小儿呼吸道肺炎支原体感染发病趋势及临床分析

Incidence trend and clinical analysis of respiratory tract mycoplasma pneumonia infection in children

目的对小儿呼吸道肺炎支原体感染的发病趋势以及临床特点进行分析总结。方法收集2012年1月~2015年1月间我院住院部纳入治疗的280例小儿呼吸道肺炎支原体感染患儿为研究对象。对所有患儿临床资料进行回顾分析。患儿入院后分别进行冷凝集试验以及肺炎支原体抗体试验。观察本组280例患儿在临床表现以及发病季节上的特点趋势,并对两种检测方法下的阳性检出率以及不同病程对检出阳性率的影响情况进行观察。结果本组患儿发热、咳嗽发生率分别明显高于其他临床表现发生率（P〈0.05）。经冷凝集试验检出阳性率为16.07%（45/280）,经肺炎支原体抗体试验检出阳性率为96.07%（269/280）,两者对比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,不同病程患儿经肺炎支原体抗体试验检出阳性率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。本组患儿秋季、冬季发病率分别为明显高于其他季节发病率（P〈0.05）。结论小儿呼吸道肺炎支原体感染以秋季、冬季发病率高,临床表现以发热、咳嗽为主,经肺炎支原体抗体试验对不同病程患儿均有理想的检出效果,值得临床推广应用。

Objective To analyze and summarize the incidence trend and clinical features of the respiratory tract mycoplasma pneumonia infection in children. Methods A total of 280 children with respiratory tract mycoplasma pneumonia infection treated in the inpatient department of our hospital from January 2012 to January 2015 were selected as the study subjects. Clinical data of all the children were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were given the cold agglutination test and the mycoplasma pneumonia antibody test. The clinical manifestations and the features and trends of onset seasons of the 280 patients were observed. The positive detection rates of the two detection methods and the influences of different courses of disease on the positive detection rate were observed. Results In this group of children, the respective incidence of fever and cough was significantly higher than that of other clinical manifestations（P〈0.05）. The positive detection rate of the cold agglutination test was 16.07%（45/280） and that of the mycoplasma pneumonia antibody test was 96.07%（269/280）, with statistically significant difference between the two groups（P〈0.05）. The patients with different courses of disease were not significantly different in the positive detection rate of the mycoplasma pneumonia antibody test（P〉0.05）. In this group of children, the respective incidence in autumn and winter was significantly higher than that in other seasons（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The incidences of respiratory tract mycoplasma pneumonia infection in children are the highest in autumn and winter and the main clinical manifestations are fever and cough. The mycoplasma pneumonia antibody test has ideal detection effects on the children with different courses of disease, it is worthy of clinical promotion and application.