“边缘”作家的生态乌托邦——艾丽思·沃克的生态整体主义解析

A “Marginal” Writer's Ecological Utopia:On Alice Walker's Eco-holism

艾丽思·沃克是美国当代著名非裔女作家,她著述颇多,尤以小说《紫色》和文集《寻找我们母亲的花园》著称。在其早期的作品中,沃克对美国黑人女性、男性、两性关系以及第三世界国家尤其是非洲的发展给予热切的关注。随着生态环境不断恶化,沃克的关注点逐渐转化为生态问题和环境正义,这在她前期的作品和访谈中得到充分的显现;在其后期作品《她蓝色的躯体我们知道一切:世人的诗1965-1990》《绝对信任地球的善意》发展到成熟。本文立足于她的访谈录和小说作品,梳理其生态思想的萌芽、发展和逐步形成,并通过定性分析来解读其生态思想的乌托邦特点。

Alice Walker, one of the most famous Afro-American female writers, has written a lot of novels among which The Color Purple and In Search of Our Mothers＇ Gardens are the best known. In her early works,Alice Walker attributed her keen concern to the Afro-American females and males and the relationships between them as well as the development of the Third World countries especially those in Africa. Then, she has gradually changed her attention to ecology and environmental justice with the deteriorating ecological environment. This change was fully shown in her former works and interviews and became evident in both Her Blue Body Everything We Know： Earthling Poems 1965-1990 and Absolute Trust in the Goodness of the Earth： New Poems. Based on her interviews and works, this paper traces the different stages of Walker＇s ecological view and interprets the utopian characteristics of her ecological view by qualitative analysis.