基于粮食需求的东北三省水资源自给率地域分异研究

Spatial Differentiation of Self-sufficiency Rate of Water Resources Based on Grain Demand in Northeast China

东北三省是我国重要的商品粮生产基地,运用虚拟水理论探讨其粮食生产与消费,可为东北三省粮食生产可持续发展、粮食贸易及居民膳食结构调整提供依据。在对东北三省1998—2013年主要粮食作物生产和消费的虚拟水量核算的基础上,分析水资源自给率、虚拟水盈亏量及其地域分异特征。结果表明,从东北三省整体上看,1998—2013年玉米、水稻、大豆生产的虚拟水量均高于消费的虚拟水量,在保证居民消费的基础上可输出;而小麦生产的虚拟水量则低于消费的虚拟水量,需要大量输入以满足居民需求。从省域角度来看,黑龙江省四种主要粮食作物生产的年均虚拟水量均高于其他两省;而从地级市的空间分异来看,粮食作物虚拟水盈余量呈"中北部高、南部低"的空间分布格局。

Northeast China was an important commodity grain production base, and researching the production and consumption of grain with the virtual water theory could provide the basis for the sustainable development of grain production, grain trade and dietary structure adjustment. Based on the calculation of annual virtual water of production and consumption for main grain crops in northeast China from 1998 to 2013, the selfsufficiency rate of water resources,profit and loss of virtual water and its spatial differentiation were analyzed. The results showed that, from the perspective of northeast China as a whole, the virtual water of production for maize, flee and soybean were higher than those of consumption, which could be exported. And the virtual water of production for wheat was lower than that of consumption, which needed to be imported. From the provincial perspective, the annual virtual water of production for the four major grain crops in Heilongjiang Province was higher than those in Liaoning and Jilin Province. While from the view of spatial variation of the prefectural city, the surpluses of virtual water of grain crops were higher in north and middle and lower in south.