叶尔羌河流域农业灌溉用水效率分析——基于典型灌区1000农户的调研数据

Analysis on Agricultural Irrigation Water Use Efficiency in Yarkant River Basin——Based on Typical Irrigation Field Survey Data of 1000 Peasant Households

南疆属极端干旱区,以绿洲灌溉农业为主,随着水资源短缺,过度开采地下水造成水位下降、土壤盐渍化加剧等问题日益严峻,如何最大限度地提高灌溉用水效率是目前亟待考虑的问题。对叶尔羌河流域四大用水结构和农田灌溉用水效率进行分析,选取典型灌区2009—2013年的微观面板调研数据,运用随机前沿生产函数对1000农户小麦生产技术效率与用水效率进行测算。研究发现:1不同作物单方灌溉水产出具有差异,平均为2.25元/m3;典型区农田灌溉用水量差异明显,介于13035—20325m3/hm2之间。2农户的平均灌溉用水效率仅为0.483,生产技术效率为0.6608。3源流区水资源的相对丰裕造成普遍节水意识缺乏,灌溉方式相对单一,农户对节水技术采纳与接受的意愿较低,这些是造成当前农业用水效率不高的主要原因。通过提高农户的节水行为,进一步推广节水灌溉技术,优化种植结构,提高农户对关键种植技术的掌握与管理水平,是实现技术效率与水资源产出效率有效提高的主要途径。

Southern Xingjiang was an extreme arid region, giving priority to oasis irrigation agriculture. With the shortage of water resources, water levels fall caused by overexploitation of groundwater, serious increasingly aggravation of soil stalinization problems, how to improve the efficiency of irrigation water, which was an urgent question to be considered at present. This paper analyzed the four watershed water structure of Yarkant river and the water use efficiency of agricultural irrigation,and selected the 2009- 2013 micro panel survey data in typical irrigation area, using the stochastic frontier production function to measure the wheat production technical efficiency and water use efficiency of 1000 farmers. This paper found that：①There were differences between the different crops in unilaterally irrigation water output, with an average of 2.25 Yuan/m3 . Farmland irrigation water consumption per acre in typical area had the obvious gap, between 13035 - 20325m3/hm2 . ②Farmer＇s average efficiency of irrigation water was only O. 483, production technical efficiency was 0. 6608. ③The lack of water saving consciousness, the relative single irrigation methods, farmer＇s not higher accept in water - saving technology adoption and willingness caused by the relative abundance of water resources in origin area, that were the main reasons, which caused the current agricultural water use efficiency low. By raising the water saving behavior of peasant household, further promoting watersaving irrigation technologies, optimizing the planting structure, increasing the key cultivation techniques mastered by farmers and the level of management, that were the ways to realize the effective improving of crop planting technology and water output.