探讨社区护理干预对糖尿病性视网膜病变预后影响的研究

Study of community nursing care on prognosis of patients with diabetic retinopathy

目的探讨社区护理干预对糖尿病性视网膜病变患者预后的影响。方法将40例糖尿病性视网膜病变患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为两组,每组20例。试验组给予社区护理干预,对照组仅在医院就诊及复诊给予常规护理干预。每月定期检查眼底、监测体重指数、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、血压、甘油三酯、视力等,并以此作为观察指标,试验组与对照组进行比较。结果社区护理干预一年后试验组患者空腹血糖(7.27±0.65)、糖化血红蛋白(7.05±0.72)、甘油三酯(8.05±0.51)、体重指数(22.93±0.97)、视力(0.70±0.07),对照组患者空腹血糖(8.66±0.28)、糖化血红蛋白(8.21±1.00)、甘油三酯(9.55±0.66)、体重指数(24.99±1.01)、视力(0.49±0.13),两组比较,试验组患者优于对照组,差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论通过社区护理的健康教育、心理支持、用药指导、饮食护理干预、运动护理干预、自我监测等措施,可以有效控制血糖、血压、血脂、体重和缓解糖尿病性视网膜病变的进展,保护糖尿病视网膜病变患者的视力,提高糖尿病患者的自我护理能力和生活质量。

Objective To explore the effect of community nursing care on prognosis of patients with diabetic retinopathy. Methods The study included forty patients with diabetic retinopathy from the affiliated hospital of Guangdong medical college. Patients were randomly divided into control group and intervention group, with twenty patients in each group. Conventional nursing was applied to the control group during the treatment, while community nursing care was applied extra to the intervention group. These indexes including fasting blood- glucose, body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure, triglyceride, visual acuity, and eyeground check were majorly observed between control group and intervention group. Results After a year follow-up, the intervention group got a statistically better outcome than control group, such as fasting blood-glucose （7.27±0.65 vs. 8.66±0.28）, glycosylated hemoglobin （7.05±0.72 vs. 8.21±1.00）, triglyceride （8.05±0. 51 vs. 9.55±0.66）, body mass index （22.93 ±0.97 vs. 24.99 ± 1.01 ）, and visual acuity （0. 70±0.07 vs. 0.49 ± 0.13）, all P-value of less than 0.05. Conclusions Community nursing care, which consists of health education, psychological support, medication guidance, diet nursing intervention, exercise intervention, self- monitoring, can significantly improve the outcome of patients with diabetic retinopathy in blood sugar, blood pressure, blood lipid, body weight, visual acuity, self-care ability and quality of life.