陕西关中地区木兰属植物品种分类研究

Study on Classification of Plant Species of Magnolia in Guanzhong Area,Shaanxi Province

采用实地调查、对比分析、专家咨询等手段,对关中地区木兰属植物集中的植物园及城市园林绿地,从花、果、叶、枝干等方面对木兰属植物的生物学特性及形态特征进行调查统计。采用二元分类法,按属—亚属—组—种—品种群—品种6个分类等级对关中地区木兰属种及品种进行分类整理。结果显示:木兰属植物有41个种及品种,其中本地种5个,本地区外分布种15个,本地自育品种10个,本地与外地合育品种3个,外地培育品种4个,外来杂交种(品种)4个;可分为2个亚属,7个组,21个种,5个品种群,20个品种;木兰属品种的最初来源基本是玉兰和紫玉兰,品种的育种工作,从自然芽变,种间杂交,开始转向属间杂交品种选育。初步明确了关中地区木兰属种及品种的数量与来源,并进行归类整理。

By using the method of field survey,comparative analysis,experts consultation and other means,the Magnolia Parks and Cities in Guanzhong area which are concentrated with plants of genus Magnolia are investigated.Statistics from the biological charac-teristics and morphological characteristics of flower, fruit, leaves, branches and other aspects of Magnolia plants are collect-ed.According to the six levels,genus-subgenus-section-species（ variety species）-cultivar group-cultivar,Magnolia species and culti-vars in Guanzhong area are classified.The results show：there are 41 species of Magnolia,which include 4 local species,16 foreign species,10 cultivars bred in the local area,3 cultivars bred by local area with other areas,4 alien hybrids（ cultivars）;which belong to 2 subgenera,7 groups,21 species,5 cultivar groups,20 cultivars.The initial source of Magnolia species is basically M.denudata and M.liliiflora,breeding changes from natural mutation,interspecific hybridization to intergeneric hybridization,the quantity and sources of Magnolia species and varieties in Guanzhong area are initially clarified and classified.