清代台湾文献中的女性移民探析

On female migrants of Taiwan literature in the Qing Dynasty

清代台湾是一个移民社会,曾吸引了闽粤等地大批汉人前往移居拓垦。由于清初的禁止赴台者携眷政策以及传统宗族社会对女性的渡台限制,致使女性移民人数远远低于男性,直至乾隆五十四年(1789)更易禁渡之令后,两性比例失调问题才渐获改善。两百多年的移垦,中原女性移民从外貌、婚姻地位,到文化娱乐活动的参与度等方面均发生了一系列的变化,这种变化与时代的兴衰,文化的移植、融合及变迁有着密切的联系,体现了对中原文化的传承与扬弃。

As an immigrant society in the Qing Dynasty, Taiwan attracted a large number of Han migrants from Fujian, Guangdong and other places. Due to the policy of banning dependents in the early Qing Dynasty, as well as the limitation of traditional clan society for women to Taiwan, the number of women migrants is far less than men. Not until the crossing policy changed in 1789 did the Gender imbalance problem gradually improved. In more than two hundred years of land reclamation, female migrants in terms of appearance, marriage, culture and entertainment activities participation and social status, etc. had undergone a series of changes, which were closely associated with the rise and fall of the age. These changes have close relations with the transplantation, the integration and the change of cuhure, which reflect the inheritance and the development of the Central Plains culture.