犯罪故意“明知”问题探析

Study on the Issue of “Knowledge” in Criminal Intention

认识因素是犯罪故意的重要组成部分之一,我国刑法将其表述为"明知"。我国刑法理论对"明知"问题存在着认识分歧,从而影响了司法实践中对犯罪故意的正确认定和把握。通过研究分析可以发现,在"明知"的含义问题上,"明知"是行为人本身对相关事实的一种认识,包含了"确实知道"和"可能知道",而不包含"应当知道"。另外,"明知"和"已经预见"在认识程度和认识内容上均存在着不同。在"明知"的内容问题上,"明知"包括对构成要件事实的认识和危害性的认识。在刑法总则"明知"和刑法分则"明知"的关系问题上,两个"明知"并不是对立的,而是相互依存的统一术语。

Cognitive factor, one of the most important components in the criminal intention, refers to“knowledge” in criminal law in our country.In our country’ s criminal law theory, there exist different o-pinions in“knowledge”, and this directly affects the correct cognition of criminal intention in the judicial practice.According to analysis and research,“knowledge” is a kind of cognition which contains“know for certain” and “may know”, and it does not contain “should know”.In addition, “knowledge” and“already known” exist differences in the extent and content of knowledge.In terms of content of“knowl-edge”, it includes understanding of constitutive elements and understanding of harmfulness.The“knowl-edge” in general provision of criminal law and the“knowledge” in specific provision of criminal law are not opposite, and they are concordant with each other.