冲突与规避:竞技武术与传统武术关系之研究

Confrontation and Prevention:Relationship Between Competitive Wushu and Traditional Wushu

当前,竞技武术与传统武术的概念与关系问题已成为武术理论研究的焦点。运用文献资料、逻辑分析、专家访谈等研究方法,界定了竞技武术、传统武术、中国武术的概念,探讨了当代武术发展中竞技武术与传统武术的矛盾冲突与规避路径,以及二者的当代价值定位。研究认为,涵盖现代武术和传统武术两大内涵于一体的中国武术概念界定法存在缺陷,而"广义"与"狭义"的分别界定法较为妥当;竞技武术套路源自"舞"的表演属性而非"舞"的练功属性,竞技武术散打、竞技太极推手、功法运动源自传统武术中的练功方法,如此认识竞技武术与传统武术的关系,是规避二者存在矛盾和发展冲突的有效路径;竞技武术3个运动项目虽然源自于传统武术的打、练、演3项主体内容,但却算不上是对传统武术真正意义上的继承和发展。竞技武术应该坚定不移地走好体育化道路,发挥体育竞技的价值,传统武术则应该坚持"打练结合"的武技、武道修炼方式,发挥传承武术文化、弘扬民族精神的价值。

Nowadays the concepts and relationship between competitive Wushu and traditional Wushu are the focuses of Wushu theoretical research. Based on the definition of the concepts of competitive Wushu, traditional Wushu,and Chinese Wushu,this paper discussed the conflict between competitive Wushu and traditional Wushu and provided an avoidance way by the methods of literature review,logic analysis, and expert interview, the value o- rientation also had been discussed. The results showed that Chinese Wuchu ,which contains modern Wushu and traditional wushu, has some definition defects. General definition and special definition are more appropriate. Competitive Wushu was originated from performance attribute of Wu, but not practice attribute. Competitive Wushu free combat ,taiji hand-push,gong were originated from practice method of traditional Wushu. These recogni- tions were effective ways to avoid contradiction and conflict between competitive Wushu and traditional Wushu. Even originated from fight,practice, and performance of traditional Wushu, the three events of competitive Wushu were not real inheritance and development of traditional Wushu. Competitive Wushu should press ahead with physical educa- tion way resolutely and play its competitive value. Traditional Wushu should continue combination of fight and practice,practice of Wu and Tao,and promote Wushu culture inheritance and national spiritual value.