极量运动前后心脏超声指标变化及与最大摄氧量的关系

Changes of Echocardiography Indexes Before and After Maximum Exercise and Correlations Between Them and VO_(2max)

目的:观察普通大学生极量运动前后心脏超声指标的变化特征,研究对极量运动敏感的超声指标;并分析极量运动前后心脏超声指标与有氧耐力间的关系。方法:以无系统训练经历的学生40名(男、女各20名)为研究对象,采用Brcue法测试最大摄氧量(VO2max),利用超声心动图仪监测安静时、运动后即刻、3 min、5 min的心脏超声指标。结果:1)心脏超声指标中,心输出量(CO)、心率(HR)极量运动后即刻显著升高,恢复期显著降低(P<0.01);左室射血时间(LVET)、左室舒张末期容积(EDV)和左室收缩末期容积(ESV)运动后即刻显著降低,恢复期显著升高(P<0.01);SV男生运动5 min与安静时相比降低0.70 m L,女生增加0.16 m L,基本恢复到安静水平。2)男、女生运动后即刻LVET分别减少130.30、115.30 ms,运动3 min分别升高46.12、49.27 ms,运动5 min分别升高31.37、29.57 ms,与安静时相比分别低52.47、36.46ms;运动后即刻HR分别增加74.13、82.42次/min,运动后3 min分别减少42.43、40.09次/min,运动后5min减少4.87、12.02次/min,与安静相比分别增加35.8、30.31次/min;男、女生EDV与安静时相比,分别减小32.15、21.57 m L,运动后3 min分别增加12.88、13.70 m L,运动后5 min分别增加13.23、4.21 m L,与安静时相比分别减少6.02、3.66 m L。3)男大学生CO、SV在安静时、运动后即刻、3 min、5 min与VO2max相对值的相关均具有显著性(P<0.01),相关系数依次分别为0.647、0.706、0.746、0.694和0.686、0.715、0.695、0.672;女大学生CO、SV与VO2max相对值的相关具有显著性(P<0.01),相关系数依次分别为0.713、0.702、0.661、0.685和0.705、0.692、0.719、0.654。结论:极量运动后即刻LVET、HR、CO、ESV、EDV等心脏超声指标变化显著,运动结束后逐渐恢复,运动后5 min除SV外均未完全恢复;EDV、HR、LVET是极量运动敏感的心脏超声指标;CO和SV与VO2max关系密切,尤其运动后3 min时最为密切。

Purpose：The purposes of this study were to find the most sensitive indexes by observing the changes of echocardiography indexes and the relationship between echocardiography indexes and VO2m~, before and after maximum exercise of college students. Methods：Forty college students （20 males and 20 females）with no training expe- rience were recruited. VO2max was measured by Bruce maximum exercise test, echocardiography indexes were monitored at quiet state, immediately after exercise,3 minutes and 5 minutes after exercise respectively. Results： 1 ）Ech- ocardiography indexes, cardiac output （CO）and heart rate （HR）, were significantly increased immediately after maximum exercise and decreased significantly during recovery period （ Ps 〈 0.01 ） ; left ventricular ejection time （LVET） ,left ventricular diastolic end diastolic volume（EDV） and left ventricular systolic volume at the end of the （ESV） were decreased significantly after exercise and significantly increased in recovery period （Ps 〈 0. 01 ） ;when compared with quiet state, SV decreased O. 70 ml at 5 minutes after exercise in male students, but increased 0.16 ml in female students. 2） Compared with quiet state, male and female students＇ LVET decreased 130. 30 ms and 115.30 ms respectively immediately after exercise,increased 46. 12 ms and 49.27 ms respectively at 3 minutes after exercise,increased 31.37 ms and 29. 57 ms respectively at 5 minutes after exercise, and decreased 52. 47 ms and 36.46 ms respectively. Compared with quiet state, male and female students＇ HR increased 74. 13 bpm and 82.42 bpm respectively at immediately after exercise, decreased 42. 43 bpm and 40. 09 bpm respectively at 3 minutes after exercise, decreased 4. 87 bpm and 12. 02 bpm respectively at 5 minutes after exercise, and increased 35.8 bpm and 30. 31 bpm respectively. Compared with quiet state, male and female students＇ EDV decreased 32. 15ml and 21.57ml respectively immediately after exercise, increased 12. 88 ml and 13.70 ml respectively at 3 minutes after exercise, increased 13.23 ml and 4. 21 ml respectively at 5 minutes after exercise, and decreased 6. 02 ml and 3.66 ml respectively. 3 ） CO and SV were related to VO2max relative value at quiet state, immediately after exercise,3 minutes after exercise, and 5 minutes after exercise（ Ps 〈 0.01 ）, and the correlation coefficient were 0. 647 - 0. 746 （ CO and VO2max ） and 0. 672 - 0. 715 （ SV and VO2max ） for male students, 0. 661 - 0. 713 （ CO and VO2max） and 0. 654 - 0. 719 （ SV and VO2max ） for female students. Conclusions ： 1 ） LVET, HR, CO, ESV, and EDV significantly change immediately after maximum exercise, gradually are recovered iu 5 min after exercise ex- cept SV. 2） EDV, HR, and LVET are sensitive eehocardiography indexes of maximum exercise. 3 ） CO and SV are associated with VO2 especially at 3 minutes after exercise.