速度滑冰女子500m运动员重点环节节奏特征及全程速度节奏的理论设计

Key-Link Pacing Feature and Theoretical Design for Full Course Pacing in Women's 500m Speed Skating

目的:把握关键环节节奏特征,为运动实践提供全程速度节奏诊断优化的理论依据。方法:以国内外优秀运动员比赛数据为基础,运用文献资料法、比赛测试法和数理统计法对速度滑冰女子500 m重点环节节奏特征及全程速度节奏的理论设计进行研究。结果:1)优秀运动员具有突出的前100 m能力,前100 m滑进10.4 s是获取优异运动成绩的基础;但100 m百分成绩与总成绩呈高度负相关,应合理控制该分段的百分成绩在27.8%左右;2)进一弯内道和二弯内道速度超过最大速度的91%和97%时将被迫降速;3)出二弯外道即刻加速将导致大幅降速,优秀运动员在出二弯内道时的总体规律是先利用惯性加速然后再缓冲;3)全程速度节奏理论模型能够实现对运动员的诊断与优化。结论:1)突出的前100 m能力是获取优异运动成绩的基础,但运动员应合理控制该分段的加速节奏;2)高度重视进内弯道时的个体最大可控速度,避免出现被逼降速及摔到失误;3)出二弯外道时应即刻缓冲,而出二弯内道时应充分利用惯性加速再缓冲。

Purpose：This study wanted to grasp the key-link pacing feature to offer the theoretical foundation for di- agnosing and optimizing full course pacing. Methods：By the methods of literature review, game testing and mathe- matical statistics, the article analyzed the key-link pacing feature and theoretically designed full course pacing in women＇s 500m speed skating. Resuhs：1）Elite athletes have excellent ability in the first 100m, and the score within 10. 4 second is the basis for good performance ;the percentage score of the first 100m is highly negative correlated with the total score,27.8% is reasonable in this section. 2）When the speeds of going into the first bend and the second bend inner lanes are over 91% and 97% maximum speed respectively, speed will be forced to decrease. 3 ） Accelerating immediately after outing of the second bend outer lane will let speed increased sharply, and the gener- al rule used by elite athletes after outing of the second bend inner lane is firstly accelerated by inertia ion and then buffered. 3 ） The full-course spacing mode can diagnose and optimize training. Conclusions ： 1 ） Outstanding ability in the first loom is the basis for excellent performance, but athletes should reasonably control acceleration pace in this phase ;2）Great attention on individual＇s largest controllable speed of going into bend inner lane should be paid to avoid dropping of speed and fall. 3 ） Athletes should be buffered immediately when outing of the second bend outer lane, accelerated firstly by inertial and then buffered.