适于甘肃张掖土壤玉米制种田的豆粕有机生态肥研究

An Application of Combined Fertilizer with Soybean Meal Manure to Corn Seed Production Field in Zhangye of Gansu Province

在甘肃省张掖市甘州区连续种植制种玉米13年的基地上,采用田间试验方法,研究了豆粕有机生态肥配方筛选及对土壤特性和吉祥一号玉米效益的影响。结果表明影响玉米产量因素由大到小的顺序依次为:硫酸锌>玉米专用肥>土壤酵母肥>豆粕有机肥;豆粕有机生态肥最佳配方为:硫酸锌60 kg·hm-2:土壤酵母肥300 kg·hm-2:豆粕有机肥4 500 kg·hm-2:玉米专用肥1 320 kg·hm-2。豆粕有机生态肥施用量与玉米产量间的肥料效应回归方程为y=5.66+0.465 1x+0.023 2 x2,经济效益最佳施肥量为4.70 t·hm-2,玉米理论产量为8.36 t·hm-2。施用豆粕有机生态肥与传统化肥比较,土壤容重和p H分别降低3.5%和1.0%;总孔隙度、团聚体和饱和持水量增加6.4%、11.7%和6.4%;有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾增加1.5%、1.1%、4.2%和6.2%;真菌、细菌、放线菌和菌体总量增加121.4%、34.8%、20.5%和28.6%;蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶增加62.2%、44.9%、37.9%和62.5%;玉米株高、茎粗、生长速度和地上部分干重增加14.8%、24.3%、14.7%和41.8%,穗粒数、穗粒重和百粒重增加5.4%、12.7%和12.9%;产量和施肥利润增加12.7%和1 489.02元·hm-2。表11,参38。

In a 13-year continuous corm planting field, a study concerning the influence of combined fertilizer with soybean meal ma- nure on soil properties and corn yield of Jixiang No. 1 was conducted in Ganzhou district, Zhangye of Gansu Province. The results showed that the corn yield with different fertilizer application was in a order of zinc sulfate 〉 corn fertilizer 〉 soil yeast manure 〉 soybean meal manure ; an optimal fertilizer combination was as follows ： zinc sulfate 60 kg. hm-2^, soil yeast manure 300 kg. hm-2, soybean meal manure 4 500 kg-hm-2^, and corn fertilizer I 320 kg-hm-2^ ; the regression equation between the combined fertilizer with soybean meal manure and the corn yield was： y =5.66 ＋0. 465 1 x ＋0. 023 2 x2^, with 4. 7 t＇hm-2 of the optimal yield and 8. 36 t·hm-2^ of theoretical yield. Compared with conventional fertilization, the combination fertilization decreased 3.5% of soil bulk density and 1% soil pH , respectively; increased 6. 4% of soil total porosity, 11.7% of soil aggregate and 6.4% of soil water retention, respective- ly; added 1.5% of soil organic matter, 1.1% of soil alkali-nitrogen, 4. 2% soil available P and 6. 2% of soil available K, respec- tively. Also, the amount of fungal, bacteria, actinomycetes and total microorganism raised 121.4%, 34. 8%, 20. 5% and 28. 6%, respectively; soil sucrase, urease, phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase increased 62. 2%, 44.9%, 37.9% and 62. 5%, respec- tively. Moreover, plant height, stem diameter, growth rate and aboveground dry weight increased 14. 8%, 24. 3%, 14.7% and 41.8%, respectively; ear-corn seed number, ear-corn seed weight and hundred seed weight increased 5.4%, 12. 7% and 12. 9%, respectively. Finally, yield and fertilization profit increased 12. 7% and 1 489. 02 RMB yuan＇hm-2^ , respectively.