现状与趋向:俄罗斯刑法中的罪过学说

The Sin Theory in Russia's Criminal Law

俄罗斯的罪过概念总体上属于心理性罪过概念。目前学者们对罪过概念的理解呈多元的趋向。犯罪故意的认识对象是什么?主张违法性认识的学者趋于增多。疏忽过失是极具特点的过失种类,多数学者从规范特征(应当)和评价特征(能够)的结合上来把握疏忽过失,但也有学者试图揭示它的心理"谜底"。双重罪过形式的犯罪是富有俄罗斯特色的刑法制度,它的实质是故意犯罪和过失犯罪的想象竞合,其中后者是前者的加重要件。

As a whole, the concept of sin in Russia is a psychological concept, although it has included social contents such as social harmful behavior and social harmful result. At present, the scholastic concept appears to be multivariable. What is the recognition target of crime intention？ There tends to be more scholars who insist on illegal recognition. Negligent fault is of special characteristics. Most scholars understand the negligent fault on the basis of combining normative feature （should） and evaluated feature （could）, but some others answer it in terms of a psychological “riddle”. The form of dual sin is a sort of criminal law system full of Russian characteristics. Its substance is the imaginary combination of intentional crime and unpremeditated crime, while the latter is the aggravated element of the former.