清代河北地方办学经费来源概论

Funding Sources of Local Schools in Hebei Province in Qing Dynasty

清代河北地方学校以官办的儒学为主,辅之以书院、社学、义学。儒学以学田为经费主要来源,规章制度较为完备;书院、社学、义学各地兴办情况则千差万别,学田多寡不同,管理上也良莠不一。这些地方学校的存废兴衰都有赖于当地官绅义民的重视和资助,捐资捐田成为这些学校维持日常开支和校舍修缮的主要甚至是关键性经费来源。

Most of the government-run schools in Hebei province of Qing Dynasty were Confucian schools, supplemented by academies of classical learning, ancient community schools as well as free private schools. Confusion schools strict for its management and regulations were mainly funded by school-owned lands, while other forms of schools were vastly different in the amount of farmlands they owned. Many schools were dependent on support of the local officials or donation, which was the main or even crucial funding source of school daily expenses and schoolhouse maintenance.