蔡元培高校管理思想摭探

Exploration of Cai Yuanpei's University Management Thought

在中国新文化运动中,蔡元培作为开教育新风之先驱,其教育思想至今闪耀着可资借鉴之处。在高校目标管理方面,他在"自发状态"中积极进行探索和应用,强调德育、智育、体育、美育和劳动技术教育的和谐发展;在教学管理中,他从学制、讲义、教法、学风等方面进行全面改革;在师资管理方面,他首倡"兼容并蓄",以六个"不论""网罗众家",并使其群雄竞赛,各显其能;同时又严治教风,倡导尊师重业;在科研管理方面,他倡导思想自由,通过建立学术社团、创设研究机构、创造良好科研氛围、激发师生的科研兴趣,使北大的科研风气为之一新;在学生管理方面,他支持学生的爱国运动,贯彻"五自"方针,引导学生自立,开阔学生思路,教育学生"礼貌"待人;在改革学校旧有组织管理形式与行政管理体制方面,他首倡男女同校,提议限制校长及各科学长的任期,力行教授治校,创办校役夜班,这都是开风气之先的创新举措。

As the pioneer of Chinese new culture movement,Cai Yuanpei has created a new education style and his education thought still shines with reference nowadays. For the university target management,he conducts active exploration and application in a spontaneous state. He emphasizes the harmonious development of moral,intellectual,physical,aesthetic,labor and technical education. As to the teaching management,he advocates comprehensive reform from the perspective of school system,handouts,teaching method and study style. For the faculty management,he initiates full inclusion and equitability,recruits public talents with the six irrespective to enhance competition. He also promotes strict teaching style governance and teacher respect. For the research management,he advocates thought freedom and refreshes the Peking university's research culture through the establishment of academic community and research institutions,the creation of good scientific research atmosphere and the stimulation of teachers and students' research interests. As to the student management,he supports students' patriotic movement and carries on the 'five-self' principles to broaden students' thinking and guide them to be independent and courteous. For the reform of the old university organization management form and administrative management system,he initiates coeducation,proposes term limits for the principals and various major deans,exercises professors scholarship and establishes night school. All of these are innovative measures for the pioneering atmosphere.