异常高地层压力研究现状概述

Summary of research status for abnormal high formation pressure

由于随钻监测只能测得渗透层的地层压力,非渗透性地层压力却无法测量,不能获得井下地层压力连续的记录,因此,如何精确预测地层压力(地层孔隙流体压力)一直是石油勘探开发中所面临的一大难题。通过对地层压力的成因分类和预测方法进行归纳和总结,认为基于泥岩或页岩的欠压实理论和等效深度法并不能准确地预测地层的孔隙压力,关于泥岩或页岩的地层压力一直存在争议,对井下地层压力分布情况缺乏全面的认识。唯一的纵波速度并不能完全描述地层压力,而纵波速度与地层压力并非一一对应的映射关系,在大多数情况下存在多解性。

How to precisely predict the formation pressure(fliud pressure of the pore of formation) is one of the challenges all the time for the petroleum exploration as only the permeable formation pressure is measured by the monitoring while drilling, that of the impermeable formation could not, the continuous logs of the formation pressure of the down hole could not be obtained. The genetic classifications and prediction techniques of the formation pressure are concluded and summarized, the result shows that the formation pressure could not be precisely predicted by the uncompaction theory and the equivalent depth method based on mud rock or shale. The dispute on the formation pressure of the mud rock or shale is existed all the time, it is short of the all-around understanding of the distribution of the down hole. The formation pressure could not be described completely by the P wave velocity, and an one to one relationship between the P wave velocity and the formation pressure is not existed, so the multiple solutions is existed in most of the cases.