最低限度国家不是正义的国家——基于对诺齐克的赔偿条款的解读

The Minimal State Is Not an Justicial State——Based on the Analysis of Nozick's Proviso of Compensation

在诺齐克的资格理论中,赔偿条款占据要位——承担赋予个人对某无主物的占有以正当性的重要角色。但是在无主物的获取过程中,赔偿要么不能够确保初次持有权利的正当性,要么与再分配纠缠在一起。遵循诺齐克的权利至上立场,最低限度国家不应当拒斥模式化分配本身,而仅需拒斥不合理的再分配限度,否则它就不能被证明既是功能最多的国家也是正义的国家。

The proviso of compensation in Nozick’s entitlement theory plays such an important role that it offers legitimacy to someone’s appropriation. In the process of appropriating an unowned object,however,compensation can neither ensure the legitimacy of rights of original acquisition nor distinguish itself from patterned distribution. In view of Nozick’s standpoint of right,the minimal state should not reject patterned distribution itself,but only reject one without reasonable limits. Otherwise it is neither the most extensive state nor an unjust state that can be justified.