矿产资源开发利益分配研究——以内蒙古为例

A Study of the Profit Distribution in the Exploitation of Mineral Resources——Using Inner Mongolia as an Example

西方通过以"资源稀缺论"和"效用价值论"为核心的"资源价格学"的研究,形成了以权利金为主的分配机制,避免了资本获取超额利润。而中国的资源开发收益分配情况恰恰相反。以内蒙古为例,在2012年采矿业收益中,非国有资本获取了除了资产收益以外的租金收益和超额利润。其原因是,中国有关资源经济理论滞后于资源开发与分配。为了避免资源领域的经济寡头向政治寡头演进,应该建立与完善合理有效的矿山权利金制度,使行为主体的收益率接近社会平均收益率。

The Western studies of resource price,which are centered on ＂ resource scarcity theory＂ and ＂ utility value theory＂,form distribution mechanisms based on royalty,which avoid excess profits. However,the distribution of resources development and revenue in China is just the opposite. For instance,in 2012,the mining industry revenue,non-state capital net income,the central government revenue,local revenue and employee compensation were about 62.997 billion RMB,48.606 billion RMB,27.449 RMB and 12. 598 RMB respectively. Because theories of resource and economy fall behind the development and distribution of resources in China,non-state capital has acquired rental income and excess profit,in addition to assets income.Therefore,the improvement of theories of resources economy is essential to the establishment of a reasonable and effective mining right payment system,which will avoid political oligopoly in the economic development of the resources. Consequently,the rate of return in the resources field will approach the social average rate of return.