内蒙古自治区公路雪害区划与防治对策

A snow disaster regionalization and control strategy for highways in Inner Mongolia

公路雪害区划是公路建设和雪害防治的基础。基于服务于公路的原则,文中采用Map GIS地理信息系统和聚类分析、因子分析等多元统计分析等手段,利用内蒙古自治区多年的与积雪相关的气象资料,包括年最大积雪深度、年积雪日数、年均气温、年日最低气温≤0℃的日数、积雪季节平均气温、积雪季节平均风速、年大风日数等指标及地形地貌、公路网密度等其他指标,依据区划原则,按区域-一级区(区)-二级区(亚区)-三级区(小区)四个等级,综合进行了内蒙古自治区公路雪害区划。公路雪害区划分无雪害区域与有雪害区域两个区域,无雪害区域分为1个区1个亚区和2个小区,有雪害区域又分为重度危害区、中度危害区和轻度危害区3个区,7个亚区和15个小区;在此基础上,分析了各个亚区的雪害分布中心和防治重点区域,提出了防治对策。

Snow regionalization is the basis for road building and snow disaster prevention and cure. In view of the principle of regionalization for highway building,Map GIS method and K- mean cluster and factor analysis and multivariate analysis were applied to regionalized the snow disasters in Inner Mongolia based on some weather attributes limited to the distribution of snow,such as annual maximum snow depth,annual snows days,annual mean temperature,days of daily minimum temperature low than 0℃,mean temperature of the snow season,mean velocity of the snow season,days of annual strong velocity,and topographical factors such as longitude,latitude and altitude and road density（ km / hkm2） etc. According the principle of regionalization,the snow disaster regionalization for highways in Inner Mongolia were divided into four classes including main region,first degree region（ region）,second degree region（ sub- region） and third degree（ area）. The snow disaster regionalization was divided into no- snow disaster main- region and snow disaster main- region. The no- snow disaster main- region could be separated into one region,one sub- region and two areas. The snow disaster main- region was divided into three regions： severe harm region,moderate harm region and light harm region,7 sub- regions and 15 areas. Each area consisted of different municipal administration cells. Additionally,we analyced the distribution and characteristics of snow disaster of different sub- region,and brought forward a snow disaster center and focus prevention and cure region in different sub- regions and the control strategy.