东方市1999—2014年麻疹强化免疫前后流行特征分析

Analysis of epidemic characteristics of measles before and after supplementary immunization in Dongfang from 1999 to 2014

目的了解东方市麻疹流行情况,为今后制定消除麻疹策略提供依据。方法收集东方市1999—2014年麻疹疫情报告和麻疹监测资料,用描述流行病学方法分析东方市麻疹强化免疫前后流行特征,比较分析消除麻疹控制策略实施效果。结果 1999—2014年共报告麻疹252例,年平均发病率为0.82/10万,1999—2006年报告243例,年平均发病率为8.05/10万,呈2-3年一次周期流行,2005年发病率最高为21.15%。2007—2014年打破了既往周期流行规律,仅在2013年报告9例病例,年均发病率为0.26/10万,较1999—2006年下降了96.77%。1999—2006年病例年龄分布以学龄前儿童为主,占发病数的66.67%,2007—2014年病例年龄分布以12月龄儿童为主,占发病数77.78%。1999—2006年病例波及18个乡镇,占辖区乡镇、农场总数的85.71%。2007—2014年仅3乡镇发生病例,占总数的14.29%。结论东方市消除麻疹策略实施后效果显著,打破了流行规律,降低了流行高峰。今后要进一步做好8月龄儿童麻疹疫苗的及时接种工作。

Objective To understand the epidemic situation of measles in Dongfang and provide the basis for the futuredevelopment of measles elimination strategies. Methods The data of measles epidemic and measles surveillance in Dongfangcity in 1999-2014 were collected, and the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Dongfang were analyzed by descriptiveepidemiology method. Results Totally 252 measles cases were reported in 1999-2014, the average annual incidence ratewas 0.82/100 000, 243 cases were reported in 1999- 2006, the average annual incidence rate was 8.05/100 000 with theprevalent cycle of 2- 3 years. The highest incidence was recorded 21.15% in 2005. The previous prevalent regulation wasbroken during 2007-2014 and only 9 cases were reported in 2013.The average annual incidence rate was 0.26/100 000, areduction of 96.77% compared with the period during1999-2006. The age distribution of the patients was mainly in preschoolchildren in 1999- 2006, which accounted for 66.67%.Most of the patients was children of 12 months old in 2007- 2014 accounted for 77.78% of the total. Cases distributed in 18 towns in 1999-2006, accounted for 85.71% of the total.Measlescases were only occurred in three townships in 2007-2014, accounting for 14.29% of the total. Conclusion The effect ofmeasles elimination strategy in Dongfang was remarkable,the epidemic cycle of measles was broken and the high incidence wasreduced. In the future the infants aged eight months be immunized with measles vaccine on time.