“封建剥削”抑或“民族压迫”:近代民族地区农家致贫因素再讨论——以苗疆为例

“Feudal Exploitation”or“Ethnical Oppression”:A Discussion on the Factors Causing Farmers'Poverty in Modern Ethnical Areas——A Case Study of Miaojiang

近代以来,围绕农家贫困的原因就一直争论不断,苗疆可为此讨论提供民族地区的例证。清以来,在苗疆经济曲折发展的背景下,近代苗农生产生活的贫困状态已经日常化。在致贫因素中,苗疆内部的阶级矛盾并不突出,土地的占有相对分散,地租的剥削并不严重,雇主和雇工之间的关系也比较和谐。相反,外部的异族压迫和政府盘剥才是苗民贫困状态日常化的主要原因。

Since modern times,the reasons for the poverty of the farmers＇life have been continuously controversial.Miaojiang can provide examples of this discussion in ethnic regions.Since the Qing Dynasty,in the context of tortuous economic development in Miaojiang,poverty had become a part of Miao farmers＇daily life and agricultural production.But in fact,the internal class contradictions were not prominent.The possession of land was relative dispersive,exploitation of land rent was not serious,more harmonious relations were established between employers and employees.In contrast,the external oppression from alien races and exploitation from the government were the main reasons which led to the poverty of Miao peoples＇daily life.