福柯“话语”理论与文学的政治学转向

Foucault on discourse theory and political properties of literature

福柯的话语在不同的历史时期具有不同的含义,在考古学阶段,话语表现出对某种知识构成规则的极大关注,而权力的提出更是肇始于后期福柯对话语的谱系学研究。通过话语理论的革新,福柯突破了传统文学观的桎梏,转而分析影响文学生成的复杂权力关系和微观文化政治,初步建构起以权力为核心的文学政治学的逻辑框架,实现了西方文论从内部研究向外部研究的转型。重新反思这一理论转向,仍可发现存在的诸多不足,相关问题的研究仍有待深化。

According to Foucault, discourses have different connotations at different historical times. So, at archaeological phase, discourse demands for institutional rules, while power originates from the researches by Foucault on family trees of discourses. Thus, through creative innovations of the discourse theory, Foucault switches from the traditional literary perspectives to the complex power relations and micro literary politics, which is the framework of power-centered literary politics.