福山与黑格尔:境域化的承认与政治衰败

Fukuyama and Hegel:contextualized recognition and political decay

正确评价福山的反民主思想及历史终结论,以深入理解他所借鉴的黑格尔哲学为前提。黑格尔主奴关系的核心是境域化的承认,它包含承认网络、独特性和反思三个要素。黑格尔与福山分享关于境域化承认的观点;但福山忽视了主人优越意识的内在缺陷,否认现代国家给予个人的普遍承认具有实质价值。福山关于限制民主参与、增加政府自主权的观点同样与对主人意识的推崇有关。由于未区分生存论-本体论建构与生存可能性,福山关于历史的终结和以社团生活对抗自由主义空洞性的观点均有待商榷。需要注意的是,福山所批评的并非民主制度本身,而是境域化民主的原则未能以合乎本质的形式得以落实。

A deep understanding of Hegelian philosophy is needed to evaluate Francis Fukuyama＇s anti-democratic ideas and end of history. The core of master-slave relationship is web-based recognition, uniqueness and reflection. Fukuyama departs from Hegel by ignoring the contradictions of the master spirit and defying modern states＇ universal recognition. His view on the master spirit gives rise to his advice that democratic participation should be reduced and governmental autonomy increased. Failing to differentiate the existential-ontological from the existentialism, his view on the end of history and communities is doubtful.