预算紧缩环境下的美国科技与创新政策新举措

New practices of U.S.S&T and Innovation Policy in the Context of Tight Budget

2014年,减少支出赤字成为美国的首要议题,美国科技与创新政策重点是重新定位现有联邦资源,并撬动非联邦资源集中到更能刺激创新和提高竞争力的活动中,其新举措主要包括改善联邦科研资助管理、推动数据开放获取、改善专利审批程序、加快联邦资助技术成果商业化、推进国家实验室系统改革、促进先进制造创新、改善STEM教育,美国政府所采取的一系列措施需要少量或根本无需额外公共开支,通过改革向管理要效益,推进国家创新系统的转型,这些新举措对于处于经济发展新常态环境下的中国科技与创新政策制定具有一定的借鉴意义。

In 2014, when the concerns about tight budgets became the important issues, White house and Congress take a wide array of actions to spur innovation that require little or no additional public expenditure through repurposing existing resources and leveraging non-federal resources. New practices of U.S. S＆T and innovation policy include： reduce investigators administrative workload for federally funded research; boost National Science Foundation＇s transparency and accountability; putting government data online and making it easy to find and use, strengthen patent system and foster innovation; accelerate the commercialization of biomedical innovations; launch national labs reform to contribute innovation; establish new manufacturing innovation institutes and launch American apprenticeship to accelerate the U.S. advanced manufacturing; advance federal department and private sector STEM education cooperation. These new initiatives are of great inspiration to the development of Chinese S＆T and innovation policy in the new normal environment.