太原市集中供热方案实施的空气质量效益模拟

A Simulation of the Improvement of Air Quality of Implementing Centralized Heating Action Plan in Taiyuan

太原市采暖期大气污染明显严重于非采暖期,为解决采暖期的大气污染问题,太原市制定了《太原市集中供热专项规划方案》。为了定量分析该规划实施后环境空气质量改善的效果,文章通过现场调查、资料调研和公式估算等方法,建立了太原市供热相关的现状污染源清单和供热改造后污染源清单,并以MM5模拟气象场和部分地面气象站观测数据为基础,利用适用于太原市复杂地形条件的CALPUFF大气扩散模型,对供热相关污染源在规划实施前后的污染贡献分别进行了模拟,分析了空气质量改善的效果。模拟显示,在供热相关污染源污染贡献相对较大的太原市区,SO2、NO2和PM10冬季采暖的污染贡献率可分别达到36.4%、35.3%和25.3%,规划实施后,各区域环境空气质量均明显好转。其中SO2下降幅度在8%-30.9%之间,NO2下降幅度在4.7%~22.1%之间,PM10下降幅度在2.3%~24.4%之间,最大下降幅度均出现在太原市区。

The air pollution in Taiyuan is more serious in heating period than rest of a year. To solve this particular problem, an action plan for centralized heating in Taiyuan was made by the city of Taiyuan. To quantify the improvement of the plan, by field investigation, data/information collecting, and estimation, two heating related pollution source lists were established, with one for current situation and another for the situation after the implementation of the plan. By using MM5 simulated meteorological field and weather monitoring data, an air pollution diffusion model （CALPUFF） with complicated landform was built. The model simulated contributions of heating related air pollution sources before and after the implementation of the plan, and air quality improvement was also analyzed. Results showed that, the contribution of heating related air pollution was distinct in downtown of Taiyuan, with the contribution rates for SO2, NO2, and PM10 as 36.4%, 35.3% and 25.3% respectively. After implementation of the plan, air quality in all regions presented improvement, in which, SO2 deceased by 8% to 30.9%, NO2 decreased by 4.7% to 22.1%, and PM10 decreased by 2.3% to 24.4%. All of the most significant decreases were found in the downtown.