山区耕地细碎化对手扶插秧机作业效率的影响

The influence of fragmentation on the work efficiency of walking transplanter in montanic farmland

对湖南新邵县18块面积为133~667 m2的水稻田块,测定了手扶4行插秧机纯作业、转弯掉头、补秧等不同环节所需时间,分析手扶插秧机的作业效率的变化。结果表明：山区细碎耕地对手扶插秧机转弯掉头环节影响较大,当田块面积小于266.8 m2时,插秧机单位面积内转弯掉头时间为270 min/hm2;当田块面积≥266.8 m2时,转弯掉头时间为150 min/hm2以上;当田块面积分别为〈266.8、≥266.8~533.6、≥533.6~666.7 m2时,手扶插秧机的平均作业效率分别为568、660、650 m2/h。综合分析结果,当田块面积≥266.8 m2时,手扶插秧机作业效率基本稳定。鉴于手扶插秧机在山区作业的时间利用效率较低,须优化改进插秧机的转弯性能,提高其转弯操作方便性,以利更好适应山区的细碎耕地,应推动山区过于细碎耕地的集约化管理,促进南方丘陵山区水稻机械化的发展。

The field experiment was carried out in Xinshao, Hunan province, the test field area was ranged from 133 m2 to 667 m2. The changes of work efficiency in different aspects, including pure planting, turning and supplying seedling etc., were measured through field trials in the arable land of different sizes. Firstly, according to the most adaptive speed of machinist, the speed of the transplanter is keeping around 0.4 m/s. When the planting clutch of rice transplanter closed and began planting operation, record the time node, whereas the planting clutch separated and transplanter stopped, also record the time node. The results showed that the fragmention in montanic farmland mainly had a effect on the turning efficiency of walking transplanter. When the area less than 266.8 m2, the turn-around time of transplanter in unit area comes to 270 minutes per hm2, whereas the area is larger than 266.8 m2, the turn-around time is 150 minutes/hm2. When the field area is less than 266.8 m2, 266.8–533.6 m2 and more than 266.8 m2, the average efficiency of the hand-held rice transplanter were 568 m2/h, 660 m2/h, 650 m2/h, respectively. Because of the lower operation efficiency in mountain area, it should be done toimprove the planting machine turning performance, and optimize the turning operation convenience, to facilitate better adapt to the chronology of the cultivated land. Besides, we should promote the finely cultivated land intensive management to develop the rice mechanization of Southern Hilly area in China.