分子识别响应型智能膜的研究进展

Progress in molecular-recognition smart membranes

分子识别响应型智能膜兼备分子识别特性和膜过程能耗低效率高的优点,可以实现特定分子识别型控制释放、以及化学或生物物质的高精度分离等.本文主要综述了分子识别响应型智能膜的设计方法与应用,重点介绍了3类分子识别响应型智能膜及其应用:基于主客体作用分子识别响应型智能膜、基于耦合作用分子识别响应型智能膜以及基于螯合作用分子识别响应型智能膜,为新型分子识别响应型智能膜材料的研制以及分子识别响应智能膜过程的强化与应用提供了有价值的参考.

Membrane technology is playing an increasingly important role in modern life and global sustainable development. Despite significant achievements in membrane science, single-function membranes whose trans-membrane permeation cannot respond to environmental stimuli remain the most widely used. This is in contrast to the ＂smart＂ properties of natural cell membranes, whose environmental-stimuli-responsive channels regulate trans-membrane permeability. Inspired by this natural prototype, membrane scientists have devoted great effort to developing smart gating membranes that respond to artificial stimuli, to expand the application of membrane technology. Smart gating membranes can be prepared by using chemical or physical methods to load smart materials, acting as valves, onto porous substrates. The smart materials allow the control or self-regulation of membrane surface characteristics and/or permeation properties, including hydraulic permeability and diffusional permeability. To meet a growing number of technology needs, a wide range of smart gating membranes have been designed and fabricated： thermo-responsive, p H-responsive, molecular-responsive, light-responsive, magnetic-responsive, ion-strength-responsive, redox-responsive, electro-responsive, and hygro-responsive. Molecular-recognition smart membranes, which are among the most exciting and attractive stimuli-responsive smart gating membranes, have superbly low energy consumption and high efficiency. They are able to respond to specific molecules, and have myriad applications in controlled release, chemical or biological separations, water treatment, and tissue engineering. This review briefly introduces the design and application of three types of molecular-recognition smart membranes with different recognition mechanisms： host-guest, coupling, and chelation. Recent progress in the emerging applications of molecular-recognition smart membranes is also highlighted. This review provides valuable information and guidance for rational design of novel molecular-recognition membranes and intensification of membrane processes.