美国跨学科研究生教育组织形式与机制探究

Study on the Organizational Forms and Mechanism of Interdisciplinary Graduate Education in the United States

跨学科研究生教育是培养创新型人才的重要路径之一,但传统的基于学科的院系建制是其发展的主要障碍。因此,跨学科研究生教育组织形式的创新是突破其发展瓶颈的关键。美国跨学科研究生教育发展起步早,目前已形成"学院主导式""研究生院统筹式""独立建制式"三种成熟的组织形式,其中"学院主导式"又涵盖"学院内部式"和"跨学院式"两种形式。对上述三种组织形式及其机制的探析可以为我国跨学科研究生教育的发展提供些许镜鉴。

Interdisciplinary graduate education is an important way to cuhivate innovative talents. But the traditional department structure which based on discipline is the main obstacle to the development of interdisciplinary graduate education. Therefore, the innovation of organizational form of interdisciplinary graduate education is the key to break the bottleneck. The development of interdisciplinary graduate education in the United States started early. School-dominated, graduate school-coordinated, independent-organized are the three main kinds of organizational form currently in the United States. School-dominated form covers two kinds of organizational forms which are inner-school and inter-school form. This paper analyzed these three organizational forms and their mechanism to provide some reference for the development of interdisciplinary graduate education in China.