略论美国华人专业人才的规模与分布——以中国留学生为例

Quantity and Distribution of Ethnic Chinese Talents in the U.S.——A Brief Discussion on Chinese Students

自20世纪70年代至今,中国留美学生一直保持在全球中国留学生规模20%-40%以上的比例,约达160-170万。这部分人才大多是高学历,在中国大陆和台湾留美学生中,硕士和博士研究生的比例高于本科生方面的比例。在中国香港留美学生中,本科生比例则远高于研究生的比例。中国留美学生专业以商务管理、工程学、物理学、生命科学、数学和计算机科学、社会科学为主导,这与中国对于培养大批技术和管理人才以满足新知识经济发展所需的迫切性紧密相关。中国留学生在美分布仍以围绕东西部沿海和五大湖区域为主,既遵循老华人的居住传统,也符合美国经济发展的区域格局。长期以来,中国留美学生以就读名校比例高、学历层次高、在科学技术等领域的突破和创新高,持续成为中国可资利用的重要资源。

The number of Chinese students in the United States reached to 1.6-1.7million since 1970 sand occupied 20%-40% of the total number of international Chinese students.Most of Chinese students in the U.S.won graduate academic qualifications.The number of Chinese students from China's Mainland and Taiwan with graduate qualifications is larger than that with bachelor degrees.Relatively,the number of Chinese students from Hong Kong with bachelor degrees is larger than that with graduate qualifications.Meanwhile,Chinese students focused on science,engineering,business and social science major,which are closely related with Chinese development requirement in technology and management talents for New Knowledge economy development.Furthermore,Chinese students followed Chinese old tradition and regional development structure as distributing in the eastern and western parts and the five Great Lakes region.For a certain period,Chinese students are potential talents for China because of their high degrees in leading academic institutions and innovation in the field of science and technology.