哈菲兹·阿萨德时期叙利亚政治体制解析

An Analysis on Syrian Political System at Asad's Age

哈菲兹·阿萨德在1970至2000年长达30年的统治期间,依靠血缘、部族及亲信的忠诚以及个人魅力,在叙利亚建立起一党制总统威权政治体制,通过军事安全部门、复兴党和官僚机构三大支柱,实现了其对政权的高度垄断。阿萨德当政时期,叙利亚政治体制具有明显的新威权主义、少数派统治、世俗化政权等特征,这是该国特定的政治进程中的产物。然而,阿萨德建立的体制未能解决独立以来民族国家构建面临的根本性问题,即如何在一个高度分裂型和冲突型的社会中实现权力的相对平等与有效分配。2000年,巴沙尔虽然继承了其父的政治体制,但是这种体制的结构性矛盾依然如故。

From 1970 to 2000, Hafiz al -Asad set up the one -party presidential authoritarian political system by relying on the kinship, the tribes, the janissary＇ s loyalty and his personal charms for as long as 30 years. He monopolized the political power in a very high degree with three major bases： military security departments, the Baath Party and the national bureaucracy. Asad＇ s political system reflects such features as new authoritarianism, minority governance, secularized regime, and etc, so the system is an outcome of a specific political process. However, Asad＇ s system hasn＇ t been able to solve the principle problems in the reconstruction of the nation state since independence, i. e. how to realize relative equality and effective distribution in a highly divided and conflicted country. In 2000, Barshal succeeded the political system from his father, but the structural contradiction in the political system remains unchanged.