世俗与超越:中国古典悲剧的两种哲学——以《赵氏孤儿》和《桃花扇》为例

Mundane and Transcendental: Two Kinds of Philosophy about Chinese Classical Tragedy——Taking The Orphan of Chao and Peach Blossom Fan as Examples

《桃花扇》和《赵氏孤儿》分别是王国维在嗜哲学和嗜文学的两个时期所推崇过的两部中国古典悲剧,这两部悲剧在文学史上占有重要地位。通过对这两种戏剧结局的毁灭性与否的分析,可以看出中国人在面对苦难时的两种人生态度,即处理人生困境的两种哲学:或是世俗性的乐天,坚信因果报应终圆梦;或是超越性的悲观,悟透人生终解脱。这也是古典悲剧由幼稚走向成熟的一个反映。

The Orphan of Chao and Peach Blossom Fan were the two classical tragedies which Wang Guowei had thought highly of. The two tragedies have important status in the history of literature. They are two kinds of philosophy and attitude towards life of Chinese people in the face of suffering, based on analyzing two kinds of drama ending destruction or not, either optimistically believe that people can interpret a dream by karma, or pessimistically liberate through despair of life. This is also a reflection of the classical tragedy from naive to mature.