车用电机极数对纯电动客车噪声及能耗影响分析

Analysis of the Pole Number of Motors of EVs on the Noise and Energy Consumption

为分析不同电机对纯电动公交车噪声和能耗的影响规律,本文以在青岛-黄岛海底隧道间运行的上海申沃纯电动SWB6121EV2城市客车为实验车型,分别对装有8极和4极电机实验电动客车的车内外噪声和能耗进行了实车测试。测试结果表明,8极电机和4极电机在车内噪声分贝值相近,但对纯电动公交车辆的车外噪声具有明显的影响,而且极数越高,噪声值越低;8极电机比4极电机用电量高6.5%/kg,但8极电机比4极电机能量回馈能力提高2.9%。从整体上看,8极电机和4极电机其净耗电量分别为2.99kW/h和2.76kW/h。为验证上述实验结果,同时对纯电动公交车每次换电前后的SOC及时间进行对比分析,分析结果再次印证装有8极电机比4极电机的净能耗偏高。该研究对于纯电动客车电机的合理选择具有一定指导意义。

To analyze the influence of different motors on the impact of the noise and energy consumption of Electric buses, the electric buses running between Qingdao and Huangdao undersea tunnel made by Shang- hai Motors was selected for experiments. An 8 pole motor and an 4 pole motor were installed respectively on the electric buses to conduct noise and energy consuming experiments. The experimental results showed the inner noise levels of two type buses are similar, but the outer noise level was directly influenced by the pole number of motor. The outer noise level was high when an 8-pole motor was installed on the buses. The electric energy consumed per kilometer of the electric bus with an 8-pole motor increased 6.5 ~, the regenerative electric energy of an 8-pole motor is increased 2.9 % compared with the 4-pole motor. To fur- ther validate these results, the SOC data of the electric buses before changing batteries was logged. The SOC data also shows the electric bus with an 8-pole motor is more energy efficient compared with its coun terpart. The main results of this paper can give some guideline for selecting motors for electric buses.