性别表演视域下的男性气质建构——海因莱因《星舰战将》中男性主体的身份解析

Construction of Male Disposition From a Perspective of Gender Performance——An Interpretative Analysis of the Identity of the Male Subject in Heinlein's Starship Troopers

美国著名科幻小说作家罗伯特·海因莱因1959年发表的科幻小说《星舰战将》,用浓重的军事化色彩对当时正遭遇危机的男性身份和气质进行了主体性重构,认为关联公民与最能体现男性特质的战士身份的"公民士兵"是应对冷战的男性最佳主体身份呈现。按照巴特勒的性别表演理论,性别是一种极具时代文化特征的意识形态建构。海因莱因对男性主体身份的军事化定位以及关联性别科技的身份建构正是当时美国经历的社会变动及外部环境共同作用的结果,而这种建构的实现对于文化的发展也有着反向的强化作用。

Robert Heinlein, a well-known American science fiction writer, published his science fiction Starship Troopers in 1959. This fiction subjectively reconstructed the male identity and temperament with heavy military colors, which was then suffering a crisis, thinking that the relevant citizen and ＂citizen soldier＂ that expressed male characteristics most completely as a soldier should be the best way to present the identity of the male subject. According to Butler＇ s theory of gender performance, gender is an ideological construction much characteristic of epical culture. Heinlein＇ s military localization of the identity of the male subject and identity construction in relation to gender science and technology resulted just from the joint action of social changes that occurred in America and external environment. The realization of the construction worked as a reaction intensifier to the development of American culture.