北京市新中街社区193名老年人认知功能状况的调查

Cognitive function status among 193 elders in the Xinzhongjie Community Beijing

目的：了解社区老年人的认知功能状况,为相应的社区护理措施提供依据。方法采用蒙特利尔（ MoCA）认知功能评估量表对北京新中街社区内能合作的193名60岁及以上的老年人进行调查。结果193名老年人中有37名出现认知功能异常,占19.17%；认知功能是否正常与老人的年龄分布、教育程度、是否患有脑部疾病因素有关,高龄组老人、低学历、既往患有脑部疾病的老人中认知功能异常的人数多（χ^2值分别为9.54,20.58,21.92；P〈0.01）；Logistic回归分析显示,高龄和既往患有脑部疾病是老年人发生认知功能异常的危险因素,而高学历是老年人认知功能的保护因素。结论社区护士要特别关注高龄、低教育程度、既往患有脑部疾病的老人的认知功能变化情况；对有认知功能异常的老年人可以针对其认知功能受损维度给予相应的非药物干预措施。

Objective To probe into the cognitive function among elders in Xinzhongjie community and provide the evidence for corresponding nursing interventions. Methods Convenient sampling was used to recruit 193 elders who were equal to or older than 60 for the investigation by Montreal cognitive assessment （ MoCA） . Results There were 37 elders （19. 17%） who were abnormal on cognitive function. Cognitive function was related to age, educational level, and whether had brain disease. Elders, who were in older, with lower educational level, and had brain disease, were more frequently to have abnormal cognitive function （χ^2 =9. 54,＆amp;nbsp;20. 58,21. 92;P〈0. 01）. By Logistic regression analysis, older age and brain disease were risk factors for cognitive function declines, while high educational level was a protective factor for the cognitive function. Conclusions Community nurses should pay increasing attention on the changes of cognitive function among elders who are in older age, with lower educational level, and have brain disease. Non-pharmacological nursing intervention can be provided to elders according to their specific cognitive function decline.