“解放戏剧的宣言”——埃尔弗里德·耶利内克戏剧创作刍议

“A Declaration of the Liberation of Drama”: On the Dramaturgy of Elfriede Jelinek

"黑色的精灵"耶利内克在戏剧创作上致力于对现存一切规则的解构。在思想内核上,批判和反抗暴力是贯穿全部剧作的一条主线,她将暴力具体化为挤压人性的法西斯政权、男权专制、狂热趋奉艺术至上与体育竞技等潮流。在艺术手段上,她逐渐抛弃传统戏剧原则,"从戏剧角色的暴政之下解放出来",从体现剧场属性的动作手段向强调文学属性的静态戏剧发展,体现出鲜明的实验性和强烈的异质性。在戏剧语言上,她继承了维也纳派写作传统,接受早期维特根斯坦语言哲学和超现实主义下意识写作方法的影响,形成了独特的语言风格。诺贝尔文学奖颁奖词称她的作品为"解放戏剧的宣言",堪称的论。

Jelinek is like a black spirit endeavoring to deconstruct every current principle. Criticism and objection of violence are themes throughout her plays. She has materialized violence as fascist regime, male dominance, and the fanaticism of art and sport. In dramaturgic skills, Jelinek has gradually given up the conventional dramatic principles, and broken ＂free from the tyranny of the roles＂. She has substituted movements that represent theatricality with static drama that emphasizes literariness, and has revealed her works as experimental and unique. She has inherited the writing tradition of the Viennese school; received the influences of Wittgenstein＇s early language philosophy and the writing style of surrealistic subconsciousness; and formed her own language style. Jelinek was awarded the Nobel Prize for her ＂declaration of the liberation of drama,＂ which is quite a proper evaluation of her works.